Understanding Subnetting
The subnet mask is the term information technology in English referring to the 32-bit binary number that is used to distinguish the network ID to the host ID, indicating the location of a host, whether located in a local network or external networks.
Subnetting functions
subnetting functions include the following:
Reduce network traffic, so that the data passed in the company will not collide (collision) or jammed.
Teroptimasinya network performance.
Simplified management.
Assisting the development of the network towards geographic distance away,
For example, we can take the case as follows: WAN that uses a different inter-city network. optimpal over the network with subnetting.
Subnetting process
to make the process of subnetting we will perform several processes, among others:
Determine the number of subnets generated by the subnet mask
Determine the number of hosts per subnet
Determine a valid subnet
Determining a broadcast address for each subnet
Determining the hosts - the hosts are valid for each subnet
Subnet Mask Notation
There are two forms of the subnet notation, standard notation and a CIDR (Classless Internet Domain Routing) notation. Both versions of notation use a base address (or network address) to define the starting point of a network, such as 192.168.1.0. This means that the network begins at 192.168.1.0 and the first possible host IP address on this subnet would be 192.168.1.1.
Subnet mask in standard notation, the numerical value of four octets are used as the base address, eg 255.255.255.0. Standard mask can be calculated by creating four binary octets for each value, and puts the binary digit .1. to the network potion, and put the binary digits 0 to the network potion. In the example above this value will be 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000. In combination with the base address that you have a definition subnet, in this case the subnet in standard notation will be 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0.
In CIDR notation, the number 1.s the binary version of the mask is calculated from the left, and the amount added to the end of the base address after the slash (/). In the example here the subnet would be listed in CIDR notation as 192.168.1.0/24.
When is Subnetting Used?
Subnet made to limit the scope of broadcast traffic, for implementing network security measures, to separate network segments by function, and / or to assist in resolving network congestion problems ..,
A subnet is usually composed of a network router, a switch or hub, and at least one host
How can I Calculate the maximum number of hosts for the Subnet Mask?
To calculate the maximum number of hosts for the subnet mask, take two and raise it with the number of bits allocated to the subnet (count the number 0.s subnet mask binary value) and subtract two. You must subtract two from the resulting value as the first value in the range of IP address (all 0s) is provided for the network address, and the last value in the range of IP addresses (all 1s) are provided for network broadcast address. For example, DSL networks commonly use 8 bits for their subnets. The number of hosts allowed to a DSL network can be calculated with the following formula: max hosts = (2 ^ 8) -2 = 254 hosts.
When you subnet a network, the number of bits represented by the subnet mask will decrease. You reduce the octets in order starting from the rightmost value and proceed left as you reach a value of zero. Mask values decrease by a multiple of two each time you split a network into subnets. Value is 255, 254 *, 252, 248, 240, 224, 224, 192, 128. Each decrease indicates that little extra has been allocated. After 128, the next bit allocated will reduce the fourth octet to 0, and the third octet will follow the development of the same 8-digit.
For example, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 dotted decimal number indicates that no bits have been allocated and the maximum number of hosts is 1 (0 ^ 1 = 1). 255 255 255 128 The subnet mask indicates that the maximum number of hosts is 128. And the subnet mask of 255.255.128.0 indicates that the maximum number of hosts 32 786.
* 254 is not a valid number for the fourth octet because no addresses are available for hosts. namely (2 ^ 1) -2 = 0.
Subnetting IP address class A
The following table contains subnetting can be performed on an IP address to the network identifier class A.
The subnet mask is the term information technology in English referring to the 32-bit binary number that is used to distinguish the network ID to the host ID, indicating the location of a host, whether located in a local network or external networks.
Subnetting functions
subnetting functions include the following:
Reduce network traffic, so that the data passed in the company will not collide (collision) or jammed.
Teroptimasinya network performance.
Simplified management.
Assisting the development of the network towards geographic distance away,
For example, we can take the case as follows: WAN that uses a different inter-city network. optimpal over the network with subnetting.
Subnetting process
to make the process of subnetting we will perform several processes, among others:
Determine the number of subnets generated by the subnet mask
Determine the number of hosts per subnet
Determine a valid subnet
Determining a broadcast address for each subnet
Determining the hosts - the hosts are valid for each subnet
Subnet Mask Notation
There are two forms of the subnet notation, standard notation and a CIDR (Classless Internet Domain Routing) notation. Both versions of notation use a base address (or network address) to define the starting point of a network, such as 192.168.1.0. This means that the network begins at 192.168.1.0 and the first possible host IP address on this subnet would be 192.168.1.1.
Subnet mask in standard notation, the numerical value of four octets are used as the base address, eg 255.255.255.0. Standard mask can be calculated by creating four binary octets for each value, and puts the binary digit .1. to the network potion, and put the binary digits 0 to the network potion. In the example above this value will be 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000. In combination with the base address that you have a definition subnet, in this case the subnet in standard notation will be 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0.
In CIDR notation, the number 1.s the binary version of the mask is calculated from the left, and the amount added to the end of the base address after the slash (/). In the example here the subnet would be listed in CIDR notation as 192.168.1.0/24.
When is Subnetting Used?
Subnet made to limit the scope of broadcast traffic, for implementing network security measures, to separate network segments by function, and / or to assist in resolving network congestion problems ..,
A subnet is usually composed of a network router, a switch or hub, and at least one host
How can I Calculate the maximum number of hosts for the Subnet Mask?
To calculate the maximum number of hosts for the subnet mask, take two and raise it with the number of bits allocated to the subnet (count the number 0.s subnet mask binary value) and subtract two. You must subtract two from the resulting value as the first value in the range of IP address (all 0s) is provided for the network address, and the last value in the range of IP addresses (all 1s) are provided for network broadcast address. For example, DSL networks commonly use 8 bits for their subnets. The number of hosts allowed to a DSL network can be calculated with the following formula: max hosts = (2 ^ 8) -2 = 254 hosts.
When you subnet a network, the number of bits represented by the subnet mask will decrease. You reduce the octets in order starting from the rightmost value and proceed left as you reach a value of zero. Mask values decrease by a multiple of two each time you split a network into subnets. Value is 255, 254 *, 252, 248, 240, 224, 224, 192, 128. Each decrease indicates that little extra has been allocated. After 128, the next bit allocated will reduce the fourth octet to 0, and the third octet will follow the development of the same 8-digit.
For example, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 dotted decimal number indicates that no bits have been allocated and the maximum number of hosts is 1 (0 ^ 1 = 1). 255 255 255 128 The subnet mask indicates that the maximum number of hosts is 128. And the subnet mask of 255.255.128.0 indicates that the maximum number of hosts 32 786.
* 254 is not a valid number for the fourth octet because no addresses are available for hosts. namely (2 ^ 1) -2 = 0.
Subnetting IP address class A
The following table contains subnetting can be performed on an IP address to the network identifier class A.
| Number Of Segment (Network Segment) | Number Of Segment Bit | Subnet mask (dotted decimal notation/ prefix length notation) | The number of hosts per subnet |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-2 | 1 | 255.128.0.0 atau /9 | 8388606 |
| 3-4 | 2 | 255.192.0.0 atau /10 | 4194302 |
| 5-8 | 3 | 255.224.0.0 atau /11 | 2097150 |
| 9-16 | 4 | 255.240.0.0 atau /12 | 1048574 |
| 17-32 | 5 | 255.248.0.0 atau /13 | 524286 |
| 33-64 | 6 | 255.252.0.0 atau /14 | 262142 |
| 65-128 | 7 | 255.254.0.0 atau /15 | 131070 |
| 129-256 | 8 | 255.255.0.0 atau /16 | 65534 |
| 257-512 | 9 | 255.255.128.0 atau /17 | 32766 |
| 513-1024 | 10 | 255.255.192.0 atau /18 | 16382 |
| 1025-2048 | 11 | 255.255.224.0 atau /19 | 8190 |
| 2049-4096 | 12 | 255.255.240.0 atau /20 | 4094 |
| 4097-8192 | 13 | 255.255.248.0 atau /21 | 2046 |
| 8193-16384 | 14 | 255.255.252.0 atau /22 | 1022 |
| 16385-32768 | 15 | 255.255.254.0 atau /23 | 510 |
| 32769-65536 | 16 | 255.255.255.0 atau /24 | 254 |
| 65537-131072 | 17 | 255.255.255.128 atau /25 | 126 |
| 131073-262144 | 18 | 255.255.255.192 atau /26 | 62 |
| 262145-524288 | 19 | 255.255.255.224 atau /27 | 30 |
| 524289-1048576 | 20 | 255.255.255.240 atau /28 | 14 |
| 1048577-2097152 | 21 | 255.255.255.248 atau /29 | 6 |
| 2097153-4194304 | 22 | 255.255.255.252 atau /30 | 2 |
Subnetting a class B IP address
The following table contains subnetting can be performed on an IP address to the network identifier class B.
| Number Of Segment (Network Segment) | Number Of Segment Bit | Subnet mask (dotted decimal notation/ prefix length notation) | The number of hosts per subnet |
|---|
| 1-2 | 1 | 255.255.128.0 atau /17 | 32766 |
| 3-4 | 2 | 255.255.192.0 atau /18 | 16382 |
| 5-8 | 3 | 255.255.224.0 atau /19 | 8190 |
| 9-16 | 4 | 255.255.240.0 atau /20 | 4094 |
| 17-32 | 5 | 255.255.248.0 atau /21 | 2046 |
| 33-64 | 6 | 255.255.252.0 atau /22 | 1022 |
| 65-128 | 7 | 255.255.254.0 atau /23 | 510 |
| 129-256 | 8 | 255.255.255.0 atau /24 | 254 |
| 257-512 | 9 | 255.255.255.128 atau /25 | 126 |
| 513-1024 | 10 | 255.255.255.192 atau /26 | 62 |
| 1025-2048 | 11 | 255.255.255.224 atau /27 | 30 |
| 2049-4096 | 12 | 255.255.255.240 atau /28 | 14 |
| 4097-8192 | 13 | 255.255.255.248 atau /29 | 6 |
| 8193-16384 | 14 | 255.255.255.252 atau /30 | 2 |
Subnetting class C IP Addresses
The following table contains subnetting can be performed on an IP address to the network identifier class C.
| Number Of Segment (Network Segment) | Number Of Segment Bit | Subnet mask (dotted decimal notation/ prefix length notation) | The number of hosts per subnet |
|---|
| 1-2 | 1 | 255.255.255.128 atau /25 | 126 |
| 3-4 | 2 | 255.255.255.192 atau /26 | 62 |
| 5-8 | 3 | 255.255.255.224 atau /27 | 30 |
| 9-16 | 4 | 255.255.255.240 atau /28 | 14 |
| 17-32 | 5 | 255.255.255.248 atau /29 | 6 |
